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Which of the following processes is used to harden an oil to give a fat?


A) oxidation
B) hydrogenation
C) hydrolysis
D) hydration

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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All of the following are byproducts of β-oxidation, except:


A) Acetyl CoA
B) ADP
C) NADH
D) FADH2
E) All of these are byproducts of β-oxidation.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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Indicate by asterisks the stereogenic centers present in each of the indicated terpenes in the following question(s). -Place asterisks: grandisol Indicate by asterisks the stereogenic centers present in each of the indicated terpenes in the following question(s). -Place asterisks: grandisol

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Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid


A) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
B) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
C) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
D) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
E) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
F) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
G) Malonyl ACP
H) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
I) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
J) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A terpenoid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)

K) C) and H)
L) A) and I)

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In the sequence of steps shown below for fatty acid biosynthesis, how many cycles must be completed to produce the following species? In the sequence of steps shown below for fatty acid biosynthesis, how many cycles must be completed to produce the following species? Step Type of Reaction 1 nucleophilic acyl substitution 2 nucleophilic acyl substitution 3 carboxylation 4 nucleophilic acyl substitution 5 condensation 6 reduction 7 dehydration 8 reduction Step Type of Reaction 1 nucleophilic acyl substitution 2 nucleophilic acyl substitution 3 carboxylation 4 nucleophilic acyl substitution 5 condensation 6 reduction 7 dehydration 8 reduction

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All of the following describe β-oxidation, except:


A) Two-carbon units are eliminated during each cycle.
B) The process employs NAD+ as an oxidant.
C) The process is the primary route to fatty acid degradation.
D) The 2-carbon groups are eliminated from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
E) Fatty acids are attached to coenzyme A during the process.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following would function in a regulatory capacity?


A) aldosterone
B) androsterone
C) norethindrone
D) estradiol

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride


A) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
B) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
C) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
D) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
E) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
F) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
G) Malonyl ACP
H) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
I) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
J) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A phosphoglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)

K) C) and I)
L) A) and B)

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Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap


A) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
B) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
C) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
D) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
E) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
F) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
G) Malonyl ACP
H) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
I) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
J) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A soap A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)

K) E) and G)
L) C) and D)

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How many passages through the β-oxidation pathway are required to completely degrade the following fatty acid? CH3(CH2)12CO2H

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Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. androsterone -Draw major product(s): CH<sub>3</sub>COCl, pyridine androsterone -Draw major product(s): CH3COCl, pyridine

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Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. Draw the structures of the major organic product(s) you would expect to obtain from reaction of androsterone with the reagents listed below. androsterone -Draw major product(s): POCl<sub>3</sub>, pyridine androsterone -Draw major product(s): POCl3, pyridine

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Which of the following would be expected to be found in higher concentration in butter versus olive oil?


A) CH3(CH2) 12CO2H
B) CH3(CH2) 7CHCH(CH2) 7CO2H
C) CH3(CH2) 4(CHCHCH2) 2(CH2) 6CO2H
D) CH3(CH2) 4(CHCHCH2) 4(CH2) 2CO2H

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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How many molecules of acetyl CoA are produced in the catabolism of stearic acid?

Correct Answer

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The following sequence represents the steps in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Step Type of Reaction 1 nucleophilic acyl substitution 2 nucleophilic acyl substitution 3 carboxylation 4 nucleophilic acyl substitution 5 condensation 6 reduction 7 dehydration 8 reduction a)In which step is the new carbon−carbon bond that builds the fatty acid chain formed? b)In which step does the following reaction occur? The following sequence represents the steps in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Step Type of Reaction 1 nucleophilic acyl substitution 2 nucleophilic acyl substitution 3 carboxylation 4 nucleophilic acyl substitution 5 condensation 6 reduction 7 dehydration 8 reduction a)In which step is the new carbon−carbon bond that builds the fatty acid chain formed? b)In which step does the following reaction occur? c) Complete the reaction below by giving the species that should be placed in each box. d) In which step is the mechanism identical to the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis? e) In what respect are steps 1 and 2 identical to steps 3 and 4? f) In which step is the butyryl group formed? c) Complete the reaction below by giving the species that should be placed in each box. The following sequence represents the steps in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Step Type of Reaction 1 nucleophilic acyl substitution 2 nucleophilic acyl substitution 3 carboxylation 4 nucleophilic acyl substitution 5 condensation 6 reduction 7 dehydration 8 reduction a)In which step is the new carbon−carbon bond that builds the fatty acid chain formed? b)In which step does the following reaction occur? c) Complete the reaction below by giving the species that should be placed in each box. d) In which step is the mechanism identical to the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis? e) In what respect are steps 1 and 2 identical to steps 3 and 4? f) In which step is the butyryl group formed? d) In which step is the mechanism identical to the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis? e) In what respect are steps 1 and 2 identical to steps 3 and 4? f) In which step is the butyryl group formed?

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a)5, condensation
b)3, carboxy...

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Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen


A) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
B) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
C) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
D) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
E) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
F) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
G) Malonyl ACP
H) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
I) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
J) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -An estrogen A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)

K) F) and H)
L) A) and F)

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The β-oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids is characterized by direct formation of:


A) Acetyl CoA.
B) Methylmalonyl CoA.
C) Propionyl CoA
D) Succinyl CoA
E) There are no characteristic products in this process.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid


A) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
B) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
C) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
D) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
E) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
F) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
G) Malonyl ACP
H) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
I) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
J) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A sphingolipid A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)

K) A) and F)
L) F) and H)

Correct Answer

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Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride


A) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
B) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
C) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
D) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
E) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
F) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
G) Malonyl ACP
H) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
I) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)
J) Match each of the given terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct structure for each term, and structures may be used more than once. -A triglyceride A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Malonyl ACP H) I) J)

K) B) and G)
L) A) and J)

Correct Answer

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When soaps disperse in water, the long hydrocarbon tails cluster together in a hydrophobic ball, while the ionic heads on the surface of the cluster stick out into the water. These spherical clusters are called:


A) fatty acid esters
B) triacylglycerols
C) lipid bilayers
D) micelles

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Showing 21 - 40 of 42

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