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Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below. Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below.   -Refer to Table 17-6. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Kunal and Naj from operating as a monopolist. Once the Nash equilibrium is reached, how much profit will each producer earn? A) $400.00 B) $437.50 C) $450.00 D) $800.00 -Refer to Table 17-6. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Kunal and Naj from operating as a monopolist. Once the Nash equilibrium is reached, how much profit will each producer earn?


A) $400.00
B) $437.50
C) $450.00
D) $800.00

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In choosing among alternative courses of action, Raj must consider how others might respond to the action he takes. In the language of game theory, we say that Raj must think


A) openly.
B) strategically.
C) dominantly.
D) cooperatively.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Game theory is useful to analyze oligopoly markets because


A) ​each firm is a price taker.
B) ​the market is comprised of a single firm.
C) ​the firms in the market engage in strategic behavior.
D) ​each firm produces a differentiated product.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Table 17-27 Each year the United States considers renewal of Most Favored Nation (MFN) trading status with Farland (a mythical nation) . Historically, legislators have made threats of not renewing MFN status because of human rights abuses in Farland. The non-renewal of MFN trading status is likely to involve some retaliatory measures by Farland. The payoff table below shows the potential economic gains associated with a game in which Farland may impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms and the United States may not renew MFN status with Farland. The table contains the dollar value of all trade-flow benefits to the United States and Farland. Table 17-27 Each year the United States considers renewal of Most Favored Nation (MFN)  trading status with Farland (a mythical nation) . Historically, legislators have made threats of not renewing MFN status because of human rights abuses in Farland. The non-renewal of MFN trading status is likely to involve some retaliatory measures by Farland. The payoff table below shows the potential economic gains associated with a game in which Farland may impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms and the United States may not renew MFN status with Farland. The table contains the dollar value of all trade-flow benefits to the United States and Farland.   -Refer to Table 17-27. Pursuing its own best interests, Farland will impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms A) only if the U.S. does not renew MFN status with Farland. B) only if the U.S. renews MFN status with Farland. C) regardless of whether the U.S. renews MFN status with Farland. D) None of the above is correct. In pursuing its own best interests, Farland will in no case impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms. -Refer to Table 17-27. Pursuing its own best interests, Farland will impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms


A) only if the U.S. does not renew MFN status with Farland.
B) only if the U.S. renews MFN status with Farland.
C) regardless of whether the U.S. renews MFN status with Farland.
D) None of the above is correct. In pursuing its own best interests, Farland will in no case impose trade sanctions against U.S. firms.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the controversial business practices, resale price maintenance, predatory pricing, or tying, was a part of a long-running antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft and why?

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The government accused Microsoft of tyin...

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Table 17-21 The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other. John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other, but they also have a personal, competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest. The payoff table for this situation is provided below. The payoffs are shown as (John, Paul) . Table 17-21 The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other. John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other, but they also have a personal, competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest. The payoff table for this situation is provided below. The payoffs are shown as (John, Paul) .   -Refer to Table 17-21. If Paul chooses Turn, what will John choose to do and what will John's payoff equal? A) Turn, 10 B) Drive Straight, 20 C) Turn, 5 D) Drive Straight, 0 -Refer to Table 17-21. If Paul chooses Turn, what will John choose to do and what will John's payoff equal?


A) Turn, 10
B) Drive Straight, 20
C) Turn, 5
D) Drive Straight, 0

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The primary purpose of antitrust legislation is to


A) protect small businesses.
B) protect the competitiveness of U.S. markets.
C) protect the prices of American-made products.
D) ensure firms earn only a fair profit.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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In game theory, a Nash equilibrium is


A) an outcome in which each player is doing his best given the strategies chosen by the other players.
B) an outcome in which no player wishes to change her chosen strategy given the strategies chosen by the other players.
C) the outcome that occurs when all players have a dominant strategy.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Oligopolies can end up looking like competitive markets if the number of firms is


A) large and they all cooperate.
B) large and they do not cooperate.
C) small and they all cooperate.
D) small and they do not cooperate.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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We must be knowledgeable of how people behave in strategic situations if we are to understand


A) perfectly competitive markets.
B) monopolistically competitive markets.
C) oligopolistic markets.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge is called


A) collusion.
B) Nash equilibrium
C) dominant strategy.
D) behavioral economics.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Table 17-17 This table shows a game played between two firms, Firm A and Firm B. In this game each firm must decide how much output (Q) to produce: 2 units or 3 units. The profit for each firm is given in the table as (Profit for Firm A, Profit for Firm B) . Table 17-17 This table shows a game played between two firms, Firm A and Firm B. In this game each firm must decide how much output (Q)  to produce: 2 units or 3 units. The profit for each firm is given in the table as (Profit for Firm A, Profit for Firm B) .   -Refer to Table 17-17. Which of the following outcomes represent the Nash equilibrium in this game? A) Q=2 for Firm A and Q=3 for Firm B. B) Q=3 for Firm A and Q=2 for Firm B. C) There is no Nash equilibrium in this game since neither player has a dominant strategy. D) Both a and b are correct. -Refer to Table 17-17. Which of the following outcomes represent the Nash equilibrium in this game?


A) Q=2 for Firm A and Q=3 for Firm B.
B) Q=3 for Firm A and Q=2 for Firm B.
C) There is no Nash equilibrium in this game since neither player has a dominant strategy.
D) Both a and b are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Table 17-22 Brian and Matt own the only two bicycle repair shops in town. Each must choose between a low price for repair work and a high price. The annual economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table. The profits are shown as (Matt, Brian) in each cell. Table 17-22 Brian and Matt own the only two bicycle repair shops in town. Each must choose between a low price for repair work and a high price. The annual economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table. The profits are shown as (Matt, Brian)  in each cell.   -Refer to Table 17-22. Which of the following statements is correct if Brian and Matt will play this game only once? A) The Nash equilibrium is the high price. B) A Nash equilibrium cannot be established unless Brian and Matt collude. C) A Nash equilibrium cannot be established without the players repeating the game. D) The Nash equilibrium price is the low price. -Refer to Table 17-22. Which of the following statements is correct if Brian and Matt will play this game only once?


A) The Nash equilibrium is the high price.
B) A Nash equilibrium cannot be established unless Brian and Matt collude.
C) A Nash equilibrium cannot be established without the players repeating the game.
D) The Nash equilibrium price is the low price.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below. Table 17-6 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Kunal and Naj, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Kunal and Naj work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump, to bring the water to town, and to sell it at whatever price the market will bear. Assume Kunal and Naj can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water are shown in the table below.   -Refer to Table 17-6. If the market for water were perfectly competitive instead of monopolistic, how many gallons of water would be produced and sold? A) 25 B) 100 C) 200 D) 300 -Refer to Table 17-6. If the market for water were perfectly competitive instead of monopolistic, how many gallons of water would be produced and sold?


A) 25
B) 100
C) 200
D) 300

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Table 17-33 Suppose that Robert and Howard own the only two movie studios in California. Each producer must choose between a low budget and a high budget strategy for his next film. The economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table below: Howard Low budget High budget Table 17-33 Suppose that Robert and Howard own the only two movie studios in California. Each producer must choose between a low budget and a high budget strategy for his next film. The economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table below: Howard Low budget High budget   -Refer to Table 17-33. Is there a Nash equilibrium? If so, describe it. -Refer to Table 17-33. Is there a Nash equilibrium? If so, describe it.

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Yes. Robert has a dominant strategy to c...

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If the output effect is larger than the price effect, an individual firm will __________ production.

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Table 17-11 Only two firms, ABC and XYZ, sell a particular product. The table below shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost. Table 17-11 Only two firms, ABC and XYZ, sell a particular product. The table below shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost.   -Refer to Table 17-11. If this market were perfectly competitive instead of oligopolistic, what quantity would be produced? A) 25 B) 35 C) 50 D) 70 -Refer to Table 17-11. If this market were perfectly competitive instead of oligopolistic, what quantity would be produced?


A) 25
B) 35
C) 50
D) 70

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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The prisoners' dilemma game


A) provides insight into why cooperation is individually rational.
B) provides insight into why cooperation is difficult.
C) is a game in which neither player has a dominant strategy.
D) is a game in which exactly one of the two players has a dominant strategy.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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A situation in which firms choose their best strategy given the strategies chosen by the other firms in the market is called


A) a competitive equilibrium.
B) an open-market solution.
C) a socially-optimal solution.
D) a Nash equilibrium.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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A special kind of imperfectly competitive market that has only two firms is called


A) a two-tier competitive structure.
B) an incidental monopoly.
C) a doublet.
D) a duopoly.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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