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Exam 19: Earnings and Discrimination

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Question 21

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Which of the following factors affects the marginal productivity of a worker?

A) human capital
B) the worker's disposable income
C) compensating wage differentials
D) discrimination based on age, race, or gender

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 22

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In empirical analyses of factors that help explain wages,

A) effort and ability are not likely to contribute to large differences in wages in the U.S. economy.
B) economists typically find that measurable factors explain less than half of the variation in wages.
C) economists typically find few factors that are not explicitly measurable.
D) unmeasurable influences on wage differences are found to be quite small.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 23

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Among female workers over age 25, about what percent has a college degree? What is this percentage for black female workers over age 25?

Which of the following statements is correct?

James earns a degree from a top university and is hired by a prominent firm because executives at the firm believe that graduates of this university must have a high ability level or they would not have graduated. Which of the following theories of education do the executives believe?

Scenario 19-6 Suppose that in the competitive market for auto repair, firms prefer to hire men rather than women. Assume that the women applying for positions have the same skills, experience, and work ethic as the men. As a result of this discrimination, the demand for women is lower than it otherwise would be. -Refer to Scenario 19-6. Suppose that consumers prefer to have men work on their auto repairs and are willing to pay higher prices to accommodate these preferences. What will happen to the wage differential between men and women?

The market wage could be higher than the equilibrium wage if a worker

Which theory explains the fact that some firms may choose to pay their employees more then they would earn as determined by equilibrium in the labor market?

Some discriminatory hiring practices can be expected, even if markets are competitive, as a result of

The statement that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer" is supported by evidence of an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.

A prestigious private high school requires each of its teachers to have a Ph.D. in the subject they teach. This requirement is likely to

Between 1975 and 2011, the wage gap between women with a high school education and women with a college education increased. In particular, in 2011 women with a college degree earned about

George and Brad are waiters at a local restaurant. The female customers prefer to be seated at the tables that George waits on because they think George is better looking than Brad. If George earns more than Brad because of his better looks, this is an example of

Figure 19-7 -Refer to Figure 19-7. The figure shows labor demand and labor supply in a non-unionized labor market. If the current labor demand is D1 and the current labor supply is S1, when a union is established in this market and succeeds in raising the wage to $18 per hour, what is the change in the number of workers employed?

In a labor market free from discrimination, wages for workers that are employed by the same company will still differ.

The return to investment in human capital is observed

The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education signal their high productivity to potential employers.

Workers who work the night shift at factories are paid more than similar workers who work the day shift due to a

Cory has just graduated from veterinary school. He can earn $40,000 working at a small animal clinic or $50,000 working with farm animals and horses where the risks of getting injured by an animal are higher. The higher salary to work with larger animals is an example of

Which of the following would be considered human capital?