A) They were more transparent but also equally violent.
B) They were more focused on issues of foreign policy than domestic issues.
C) They were more like de facto coronations than actual political contests.
D) They were more narrowly focused on the sharing of oil revenues.
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Multiple Choice
A) State governments must agree on and approve the president, who in turn assumes most of the executive power of the national government.
B) State governments have received advanced devolution of power in recent decades, taking over a lot of the administration of local natural resources.
C) State governments have little autonomy and are mainly recipients of patronage from central government officials.
D) Block voting by state governments in the legislature's upper house has allowed state coalitions to capture the legislative process on some occasions.
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A) presidential.
B) parliamentary.
C) prime ministerial.
D) semi-presidential.
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A) the south
B) the west
C) the east
D) the north
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A) ethnicity.
B) ideology.
C) history.
D) constitutional mandate.
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Multiple Choice
A) leading the movement against government corruption in the 2000s.
B) leading a failed secessionist movement in the 1960s.
C) imposing an oppressive dictatorship in the 1990s.
D) returning Nigeria to democracy in the 1980s.
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Multiple Choice
A) It has resulted in a large decline in the income inequality between the north and the south.
B) It has lowered the number of Nigerians who support democracy as a government system to below 50 percent.
C) Political elites have begun to reduce their use of ethnic conflict as an avenue of political support.
D) It has resulted in a rise in ethnic violence with economic dimensions.
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A) stable civilian rule
B) diverse, vigorous media
C) strong middle class
D) respected judiciary
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A) Igbo and Yoruba.
B) Zulu and Inkatha.
C) Ijaw and Oyo.
D) Hausa and Fulani.
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A) Olusegun Obasanjo.
B) Muhammadu Buhari.
C) Umaru Yar'Adua.
D) Goodluck Jonathan.
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A) House of Burgesses.
B) Chamber of Deputies.
C) House of Representatives.
D) House of Councilors.
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A) British colonial justification for Nigerian territorial divisions.
B) constitutional limits on the national judiciary.
C) the quota system for political appointments in Nigeria.
D) eligibility requirements for political candidates.
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A) successive peaceful democratic elections.
B) successive military coups.
C) the establishment of a parliamentary legislative system.
D) devolution of authority to regional legislatures.
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A) the authoritarian asset.
B) a resource regime.
C) petrol authoritarianism.
D) the resource curse.
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Multiple Choice
A) Tariff barriers meant to protect native industries were lower and there were fewer parastatal industries.
B) Patrimonialism was a bigger problem, and the state intensified its policy of import substitution industrialization.
C) Tariff barriers to protect native industries were higher, but Nigeria was less dependent on oil exports.
D) There was less patrimonialism on the part of the government and much less state regulation of the economy.
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