Question 1

Recall Watson's famous "Give me a dozen healthy infants . . ." passage, quoted in your text. The passage expresses Watson's belief on the importance of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature
B)  classical conditioning
C)  nurture
D)  conscious processesE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation
B)  development
C)  learning
D)  perceptionE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks, like rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  internal navigator
B)  mental GPS
C)  mental model
D)  cognitive mapE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

In Pavlov's study, the US was _______; the neutral stimulus was _________; and, finally, the CS was _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  meat; the bell; meat
B)  the bell; the bell; meat
C)  the bell; meat; meat
D)  meat; the bell; the bellE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Vending machine is to slot machine as ____________ reinforcement is to __________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous; intermittent
B)  intermittent; continuous
C)  partial; intermittent
D)  positive; negativeE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

In ___________ conditioning, an existing CS may serve as a US in a pairing with a new CS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ___________ conditioning, an existing CS may...

Question 7

Positive reinforcement is a more effective way to modify behavior than is punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The relation between viewing television violence and behaving aggressively is weak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Bandura's research on modeling aggressive behavior using Bobo dolls showed which of the following

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling could decrease aggressive behavior in some conditions
B)  boys modeled more than girls
C)  modeling could teach children new behaviors
D)  modeling had little influence on behaviorE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient a researcher would most likely obtain between scores on a measure of exposure to media violence and scores on a measure of aggressive behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  .00
B)  .30
C)  .80
D)  1.00E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  positive
C)  unconditioned
D)  reflexiveE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of negative punishment

Accepted Answer

A)  Astrid takes away her daughter's cell phone when she misbehaves.
B)  Carly yells at her husband when he comes home late.
C)  Jim makes his students run extra laps when they are unruly in gym class.
D)  Kevin works as much overtime as he can for the extra pay.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same thing as punishment
B)   leads to an increase in the probability of a behavior.
C)   decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed
D)  is the same thing as secondary reinforcementE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Perhaps the most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud
B)  Tolman
C)  Pavlov
D)  SkinnerE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Punishment is a ________ effective learning mechanism than is reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Punishment is a ________ effective learning mechanism...

Question 16

Pavlov's dogs learned to associate the appearance of a lab assistant with the sight of food. This suggests that classical conditioning involves an association between:

Accepted Answer

A)  a stimulus and either another stimulus or a response
B)  a stimulus and a response
C)  two responses
D)  two stimuliE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

Accepted Answer

A)  consequences
B)  reward
C)  effect
D)  reinforcementE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

_________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning
B)  Operant conditioning
C)  Observational learning
D)  Instrumental conditioningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement - Harvey can't go to the senior class party
B)  negative reinforcement - Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew
C)  positive punishment - When Laurel takes $20 from her mom's purse, her mother yells at her
D)  negative punishment - Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performanceE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Thorndike's notion that successful responses are stamped in by experience may be seen as an early statement of Skinner's concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment
B)  positive punishment
C)  negative reinforcement
D)  positive reinforcementE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 7: Learning

The relation between viewing television violence and behaving aggressively is weak.

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In ___________ conditioning, an existing CS may serve as a US in a pairing with a new CS.

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Recall Watson's famous "Give me a dozen healthy infants . . ." passage, quoted in your text. The passage expresses Watson's belief on the importance of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called ________ reinforcers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pavlov's dogs learned to associate the appearance of a lab assistant with the sight of food. This suggests that classical conditioning involves an association between:

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Negative reinforcement:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bandura's research on modeling aggressive behavior using Bobo dolls showed which of the following

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In Pavlov's study, the US was _______; the neutral stimulus was _________; and, finally, the CS was _________.

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Punishment is a ________ effective learning mechanism than is reinforcement.

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Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of negative punishment

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Perhaps the most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive reinforcement is a more effective way to modify behavior than is punishment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks, like rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient a researcher would most likely obtain between scores on a measure of exposure to media violence and scores on a measure of aggressive behavior

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vending machine is to slot machine as ____________ reinforcement is to __________ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thorndike's notion that successful responses are stamped in by experience may be seen as an early statement of Skinner's concept of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In Pavlov's study, the US was ___; the neutral stimulus was _; and, finally, the CS was _____.

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Vending machine is to slot machine as __ reinforcement is to reinforcement.

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