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Table 22-8 Table 22-8    -Refer to Table 22-8.The table shows the preferences of four types of voters over four possible outcomes: A,B,C,D.In addition,the table shows the percentage of voters of each type.Given pairwise voting in which voters choose first between A and B,then between the winner of the first vote and C,and finally between the winner of the second vote and D,which outcome would win? A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D -Refer to Table 22-8.The table shows the preferences of four types of voters over four possible outcomes: A,B,C,D.In addition,the table shows the percentage of voters of each type.Given pairwise voting in which voters choose first between A and B,then between the winner of the first vote and C,and finally between the winner of the second vote and D,which outcome would win?


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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A mother gives her teenage daughter two choices: spend 20 minutes cleaning her room today or spend 25 minutes cleaning her room tomorrow.The same mother gives her same daughter two additional choices: clean out the garage for 20 minutes next Tuesday or 25 minutes next Wednesday.According to economic theory,


A) if the daughter chooses to procrastinate, she is behaving irrationally.
B) the daughter will likely choose to clean out her room tomorrow but clean out the garage next Tuesday.
C) the daughter will likely choose to clean out her room tomorrow and clean out the garage next Wednesday.
D) if the daughter chooses to procrastinate, she is exhibiting satisficing behavior.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Based on studies of human decision making, most people are overconfident in their own abilities.
B) Arrow's impossibility theorem disproves the median voter theorem.
C) Romantic gifts are an example of adverse selection.
D) An efficiency wage encourages workers to shirk.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Table 22-16 Citizens in a small town are deciding how best to develop a plot of land at the center of town. They have narrowed the options to: a park, town hall, gas station, restaurant. The voters' preferences are shown in the table below. Table 22-16 Citizens in a small town are deciding how best to develop a plot of land at the center of town. They have narrowed the options to: a park, town hall, gas station, restaurant. The voters' preferences are shown in the table below.    -Refer to Table 22-16.If the election is conducted by instant runoff,the election winner will be A)  park. B)  restaurant. C)  town hall. D)  gas station. -Refer to Table 22-16.If the election is conducted by instant runoff,the election winner will be


A) park.
B) restaurant.
C) town hall.
D) gas station.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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D

Scenario 22-2 The following table shows the preferences for the five voters in a city regarding how to deal with the city's diseased trees. Scenario 22-2 The following table shows the preferences for the five voters in a city regarding how to deal with the city's diseased trees.     A = do nothing B = follow the expert's advice to remove every tree C = remove every 4th tree now and perhaps more later D = use an untested spraying alternative -Refer to Scenario 22-2.Consider the public policy for dealing with the diseased trees.Using pairwise majority voting with A versus B,then the winner of that vote versus C,then the winner of that vote versus D,which policy wins? A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D A = do nothing B = follow the expert's advice to remove every tree C = remove every 4th tree now and perhaps more later D = use an untested spraying alternative -Refer to Scenario 22-2.Consider the public policy for dealing with the diseased trees.Using pairwise majority voting with A versus B,then the winner of that vote versus C,then the winner of that vote versus D,which policy wins?


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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C

Suppose you are covered under health insurance or belong to a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) ,and you are insured against all or most of the costs of visits to the doctor.As a result you are likely to make greater use of medical services of all kinds.This tendency of people with insurance to change their behavior in a way that leads to more claims against the insurance company is called


A) adverse selection.
B) moral hazard.
C) screening
D) signaling.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Anthony and Addie are playing the ultimatum game,starting with $100.The coin flip results in Anthony being the one to propose a division of the $100.Anthony proposes that he gets $99 and Addie gets $1.Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Because the 99-1 split isn't fair, Anthony should not make this offer.
B) Conventional economic theory predicts that Anthony will propose a 99-1 split, just as he did.
C) Experimental evidence suggests that Addie will accept the 99-1 split because, even though it isn't fair, it's better than nothing.
D) Economic theory predicts that Anthony should choose a 60-40 split to maximize his payoff.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 22-13 The fortunate residents of Anytown have a budget surplus. The mayor decided that it is only fair to have the residents vote on what to do with the surplus. The mayor has narrowed the options down to three possible projects: a playground, a library, or a swimming pool. The voters fall into three categories and have preferences as illustrated in the table. Table 22-13 The fortunate residents of Anytown have a budget surplus. The mayor decided that it is only fair to have the residents vote on what to do with the surplus. The mayor has narrowed the options down to three possible projects: a playground, a library, or a swimming pool. The voters fall into three categories and have preferences as illustrated in the table.    -Refer to Table 22-13.Which of the following statements is correct regarding the results of pairwise voting in Anytown? A)  The results of pairwise voting depend on the order of the pairs but satisfy the transitivity property. B)  The results of pairwise voting do not depend on the order of the pairs and satisfy the transitivity property. C)  The results of pairwise voting depend on the order of the pairs and do not satisfy the transitivity property. D)  The results of pairwise voting do not depend on the order of the pairs and do not satisfy the transitivity property. -Refer to Table 22-13.Which of the following statements is correct regarding the results of pairwise voting in Anytown?


A) The results of pairwise voting depend on the order of the pairs but satisfy the transitivity property.
B) The results of pairwise voting do not depend on the order of the pairs and satisfy the transitivity property.
C) The results of pairwise voting depend on the order of the pairs and do not satisfy the transitivity property.
D) The results of pairwise voting do not depend on the order of the pairs and do not satisfy the transitivity property.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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As an alternative to pairwise majority voting,each voter could be asked to rank the possible outcomes,giving 1 point to her lowest choice,2 points to her second-lowest choice,3 points to her third-lowest choice,and so on.This voting method is called a(n)


A) median vote.
B) pairwise minority vote.
C) Borda count.
D) Arrow count.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The median-voter theorem explains why


A) politicians take extreme stands on issues.
B) voters are attracted to political outsiders.
C) two opposing politicians tend to take opposite sides of each issues.
D) politicians tend to take middle-of-the-road positions.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A safe driver would likely choose an auto insurance policy with a


A) low premium and a high deductible.
B) high premium and a high deductible.
C) high premium and a low deductible.
D) high premium and no deductible.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Table 22-2 Three longtime friends-Jack, Ryan, and Colin-are deciding how they will spend their Sunday afternoon. They all agree that they should do one of three things: go to a movie, go to the zoo, or go to a museum. They also agree that they will have two pairwise votes to determine how to spend their evening, with the majority determining the outcome on each vote. The first, second, and third choices for each person are as indicated in the table below. Table 22-2 Three longtime friends-Jack, Ryan, and Colin-are deciding how they will spend their Sunday afternoon. They all agree that they should do one of three things: go to a movie, go to the zoo, or go to a museum. They also agree that they will have two pairwise votes to determine how to spend their evening, with the majority determining the outcome on each vote. The first, second, and third choices for each person are as indicated in the table below.    -Refer to Table 22-2.Which of the following statements is correct? A)  In a pairwise election,  movie  beats  zoo.  B)  In a pairwise election,  zoo  beats  baseball game.  C)  In a pairwise election,  baseball game  beats  movie.  D)  None of the above is correct. -Refer to Table 22-2.Which of the following statements is correct?


A) In a pairwise election, "movie" beats "zoo."
B) In a pairwise election, "zoo" beats "baseball game."
C) In a pairwise election, "baseball game" beats "movie."
D) None of the above is correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Informational asymmetry is a difference in


A) efficiency.
B) equality.
C) relevant knowledge.
D) signaling.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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C

"Signaling" refers to actions by an informed party for the sole purpose of


A) telling another party that the signaler has information to reveal, without actually revealing that information.
B) conveying false information.
C) confusing another party.
D) credibly revealing private information.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Adverse selection may lead to


A) owners of used cars choosing to keep them rather than sell them at the low price that skeptical buyers are willing to pay.
B) wages being stuck above the level that balances supply and demand, resulting in unemployment.
C) buyers with low risk choosing to remain uninsured because the policies they are offered fail to reflect their true characteristics.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Table 22-16 Citizens in a small town are deciding how best to develop a plot of land at the center of town. They have narrowed the options to: a park, town hall, gas station, restaurant. The voters' preferences are shown in the table below. Table 22-16 Citizens in a small town are deciding how best to develop a plot of land at the center of town. They have narrowed the options to: a park, town hall, gas station, restaurant. The voters' preferences are shown in the table below.    -Refer to Table 22-16.If the election is conducted by instant runoff,the first votes to be reassigned will be the first choice votes for A)  restaurant, which will be reassigned as votes for gas station. B)  restaurant, which will be reassigned as votes for park. C)  gas station, which will be reassigned as votes for town hall. D)  gas station, which will be reassigned as two votes for town hall and one vote for restaurant. -Refer to Table 22-16.If the election is conducted by instant runoff,the first votes to be reassigned will be the first choice votes for


A) restaurant, which will be reassigned as votes for gas station.
B) restaurant, which will be reassigned as votes for park.
C) gas station, which will be reassigned as votes for town hall.
D) gas station, which will be reassigned as two votes for town hall and one vote for restaurant.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements is not correct?


A) The median voter theorem explains why politicians appeal to the middle of the voting distribution.
B) Based on studies of human decision making, most people prefer to procrastinate, both in the immediate future and in the distant future.
C) Screening refers to an uninformed party trying to extract information from an informed party.
D) Advertising can be an example of a company signaling the quality of its products.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Budweiser typically purchases several 30 second advertising spots during the Super Bowl at a very high cost.Miller Brewing Co.typically does not advertise during the Super Bowl.Which of the following is correct?


A) Budweiser chooses to signal during the Super Bowl, while Miller Brewing Co. does not.
B) Budweiser chooses to screen during the Super Bowl, while Miller Brewing Co. does not.
C) Miller does not advertise during the Super Bowl because it has a superior product and the audience already knows that.
D) Budweiser's advertisements during the Super Bowl are entertaining but convey no information about the quality of its products.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Margaret knows that she needs to save 20% of her annual income for retirement.However,she spends 90% of her income each year.This is an indication that Margaret's preferences are


A) irrational.
B) inconsistent over time.
C) satisficing rather than maximizing.
D) undefined.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Table 22-6 Table 22-6    -Refer to Table 22-6.The table shows the preferences of three types of voters over three possible outcomes: A,B,and C.The table also shows the percentage of voters of each type.Based on this information,which voter type is the median voter? A)  Type 1 B)  Type 2 C)  Type 3 D)  The median voter cannot be determined without knowing the pair of outcomes from which the voters will be choosing. -Refer to Table 22-6.The table shows the preferences of three types of voters over three possible outcomes: A,B,and C.The table also shows the percentage of voters of each type.Based on this information,which voter type is the median voter?


A) Type 1
B) Type 2
C) Type 3
D) The median voter cannot be determined without knowing the pair of outcomes from which the voters will be choosing.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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