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In the game in which two oil companies own adjacent oil fields,the companies will not use the oil efficiently because


A) neither company has a dominant strategy in the game.
B) the companies collude and produce a quantity of oil that is less than the socially-efficient quantity.
C) the pool from which they recover the oil is a common resource.
D) the pool from which they recover the oil is not large enough to allow both companies to earn a positive profit.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Consider the diagram below,which shows the market demand curve for a particular product.Suppose this market is served by two duopolists who each face the marginal cost curve shown in the diagram.The marginal revenue curve that a monopolist would face in this market is also shown.Which of the following statements is true? Consider the diagram below,which shows the market demand curve for a particular product.Suppose this market is served by two duopolists who each face the marginal cost curve shown in the diagram.The marginal revenue curve that a monopolist would face in this market is also shown.Which of the following statements is true?   A)  The total output in this market will likely be 2 units when the market is served by a duopoly. B)  The price in this market will likely be $6 when the market is served by a duopoly. C)  The total revenue to each firm will likely be more than $16 when the market is served by a duopoly. D)  The total output in this market will likely be less than 4 units when the market is served by a duopoly.


A) The total output in this market will likely be 2 units when the market is served by a duopoly.
B) The price in this market will likely be $6 when the market is served by a duopoly.
C) The total revenue to each firm will likely be more than $16 when the market is served by a duopoly.
D) The total output in this market will likely be less than 4 units when the market is served by a duopoly.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Consider a game of the "Jack and Jill" type in which a market is a duopoly and each firm decides to produce either a "high" quantity of output or a "low" quantity of output.If the two firms successfully reach and maintain the cooperative outcome of the game,then


A) both the combined profit of the firms and total surplus are maximized.
B) the combined profit of the firms is maximized but total surplus is not maximized.
C) the combined profit of the firms is not maximized but total surplus is maximized.
D) neither the combined profit of the firms nor total surplus is maximized.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 17-3.Katie and Taylor are roommates.On a particular day,their lawn needs to be mowed.Each person has to decide whether to take part in mowing the lawn.At the end of the day,either the lawn will be mowed (if one or both roommates take part in mowing) ,or it will remain unmowed (if neither roommate mows) .With happiness measured on a scale of 1 (very unhappy) to 10 (very happy) ,the possible outcomes are as follows: Figure 17-3.Katie and Taylor are roommates.On a particular day,their lawn needs to be mowed.Each person has to decide whether to take part in mowing the lawn.At the end of the day,either the lawn will be mowed (if one or both roommates take part in mowing) ,or it will remain unmowed (if neither roommate mows) .With happiness measured on a scale of 1 (very unhappy) to 10 (very happy) ,the possible outcomes are as follows:   -Refer to Figure 17-3.In pursuing her own self-interest,Taylor will A)  refrain from mowing whether or not Katie mows. B)  mow only if Katie mows. C)  mow only if Katie refrains from mowing. D)  mow whether or not Katie mows. -Refer to Figure 17-3.In pursuing her own self-interest,Taylor will


A) refrain from mowing whether or not Katie mows.
B) mow only if Katie mows.
C) mow only if Katie refrains from mowing.
D) mow whether or not Katie mows.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Table 17-12.This table shows a game played between two players,A and B.The payoffs in the table are shown as (Payoff to A,Payoff to B) . Table 17-12.This table shows a game played between two players,A and B.The payoffs in the table are shown as (Payoff to A,Payoff to B) .    -Refer to Table 17-12.Which outcome is the Nash equilibrium in this game? A)  Up-Right B)  Up-Left C)  Down-Right D)  Down-Left -Refer to Table 17-12.Which outcome is the Nash equilibrium in this game?


A) Up-Right
B) Up-Left
C) Down-Right
D) Down-Left

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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OPEC is able to raise the price of its product by


A) tying.
B) setting production levels for each of its members.
C) increasing the supply of oil above the competitive level.
D) imposing resale price maintenance agreements on members.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents,Lisa and Mark,own wells that produce safe drinking water.Each week Lisa and Mark work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump.They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear.To keep things simple,suppose that Lisa and Mark can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero.The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents,Lisa and Mark,own wells that produce safe drinking water.Each week Lisa and Mark work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump.They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear.To keep things simple,suppose that Lisa and Mark can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero.The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below:    -Refer to Table 17-1.If this market for water were perfectly competitive instead of monopolistic,what price would be charged? A)  $0 B)  $50 C)  $60 D)  $120 -Refer to Table 17-1.If this market for water were perfectly competitive instead of monopolistic,what price would be charged?


A) $0
B) $50
C) $60
D) $120

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Suppose a market is initially perfectly competitive with many firms selling an identical product.Over time,however,suppose the merging of firms results in the market being served by only three or four firms selling this same product.As a result,we would expect


A) an increase in market output and an increase in the price of the product.
B) an increase in market output and an decrease in the price of the product.
C) a decrease in market output and an increase in the price of the product.
D) a decrease in market output and a decrease in the price of the product.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following would be most likely to contribute to the breakdown of a cartel in a natural resource (e.g. ,bauxite) market?


A) high prices
B) low price elasticity of demand
C) high compatibility of member interests
D) unequal member ownership of the natural resource

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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As the number of firms in an oligopoly increases,the magnitude of the price effect increases.

A) True
B) False

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Table 17-8.For a certain small town,the table shows the demand schedule for water.Assume the marginal cost of supplying water is constant at $4 per bottle. Table 17-8.For a certain small town,the table shows the demand schedule for water.Assume the marginal cost of supplying water is constant at $4 per bottle.    -Refer to Table 17-8.If there were many suppliers of bottled water,what would be the price and quantity? A)  The price would be $6 per gallon and the quantity would be 400 gallons. B)  The price would be $5 per gallon and the quantity would be 500 gallons. C)  The price would be $4 per gallon and the quantity would be 600 gallons. D)  The price would be $3 per gallon and the quantity would be 700 gallons. -Refer to Table 17-8.If there were many suppliers of bottled water,what would be the price and quantity?


A) The price would be $6 per gallon and the quantity would be 400 gallons.
B) The price would be $5 per gallon and the quantity would be 500 gallons.
C) The price would be $4 per gallon and the quantity would be 600 gallons.
D) The price would be $3 per gallon and the quantity would be 700 gallons.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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C

The simplest type of oligopoly is


A) monopoly.
B) duopoly.
C) monopolistic competition.
D) oligopolistic competition.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Table 17-2.The table shows the town of Pittsville's demand schedule for gasoline.For simplicity,assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incur no costs in selling gasoline. Table 17-2.The table shows the town of Pittsville's demand schedule for gasoline.For simplicity,assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incur no costs in selling gasoline.    -Refer to Table 17-2.If the market for gasoline in Pittsville is a monopoly,then the profit-maximizing monopolist will charge a price of A)  $8 and sell 200 gallons. B)  $5 and sell 500 gallons. C)  $2 and sell 800 gallons. D)  $0 and sell 1,000 gallons. -Refer to Table 17-2.If the market for gasoline in Pittsville is a monopoly,then the profit-maximizing monopolist will charge a price of


A) $8 and sell 200 gallons.
B) $5 and sell 500 gallons.
C) $2 and sell 800 gallons.
D) $0 and sell 1,000 gallons.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Even when allowed to collude,firms in an oligopoly may choose to cheat on their agreements with the rest of the cartel.Why?

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Individual profits can be incr...

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The Sherman Antitrust Act


A) overturned centuries-old views of English and American judges on agreements among competitors.
B) had the effect of discouraging private lawsuits against conspiring oligopolists.
C) strengthened the Clayton Act.
D) elevated agreements among conspiring oligopolists from an unenforceable contract to a criminal conspiracy.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Whether an oligopoly consists of 3 firms or 10 firms,the level of output likely will be the same.

A) True
B) False

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False

The practice of tying is used to


A) enhance the enforcement of antitrust laws.
B) encourage the enforcement of collusive agreements.
C) control the retail price of a collection of related products.
D) package products to sell at a combined price closer to a buyer's total willingness to pay.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Table 17-19.The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other.John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other,but they also have a personal,competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest.The payoff table for this situation is provided below.The payoffs are shown as (John,Paul) . Table 17-19.The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other.John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other,but they also have a personal,competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest.The payoff table for this situation is provided below.The payoffs are shown as (John,Paul) .    -Refer to Table 17-19.What is John's dominant strategy? A)  John has no dominant strategy. B)  John should always choose Turn. C)  John should always choose Drive Straight. D)  John has two dominant strategies. -Refer to Table 17-19.What is John's dominant strategy?


A) John has no dominant strategy.
B) John should always choose Turn.
C) John should always choose Drive Straight.
D) John has two dominant strategies.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Tying can be thought of as a form of price discrimination.

A) True
B) False

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True

Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents,Lisa and Mark,own wells that produce safe drinking water.Each week Lisa and Mark work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump.They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear.To keep things simple,suppose that Lisa and Mark can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero.The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents,Lisa and Mark,own wells that produce safe drinking water.Each week Lisa and Mark work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump.They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear.To keep things simple,suppose that Lisa and Mark can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero.The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below:    -Refer to Table 17-1.If Lisa and Mark operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water,what price will they charge? A)  $20 B)  $40 C)  $60 D)  $70 -Refer to Table 17-1.If Lisa and Mark operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water,what price will they charge?


A) $20
B) $40
C) $60
D) $70

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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