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Exam 19: Earnings and Discrimination

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Question 191

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is least likely to be the reason women are underrepresented in the economics profession?

A) labor market discrimination
B) the choice of women to select other occupations
C) cultural bias in primary and secondary education
D) the inability of women to solve problems in economics

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 192

Multiple Choice

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Human capital is

A) a stock of equipment and structures.
B) the result of investments workers make in themselves such as education.
C) a difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs.
D) a characteristic that affects a worker's self­esteem but not her wages.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 193

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When comparing average wages for black and white men in the United States, wages paid to black men have been about 20 percent less than those paid to white men.

Consumers are often a primary source of discrimination in labor markets.

John has financial assets totaling $1.5 million, and he plans to use these assets to start his own business. Since John owns these funds and will not need to borrow to start his business, these assets are considered human capital.

In 1913, the Ford Motor Company decided to pay its employees $5 a day. This wage was significantly higher than what any other organization offered. Henry Ford believed that this wage would make his employees happier, increase their productivity, and lower employee turnover. Economists would say that Mr. Ford offered his employees

According to economists Hamermesh and Biddle, how much more do people who are deemed more attractive than average earn?

A prestigious private high school requires each of its teachers to have a Ph.D. in the subject they teach. This requirement is likely to

Between 1975 and 2011, the wage gap between men with a high school education and men with a college education increased. In particular, in 2011 men with a college degree earned about

Assume men, on balance, have lower amounts of human capital than women have. Then we would expect

Economists typically explain occupational differences between men and women through preferences, ability, and discrimination. What additional factor did economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund add to this list?

According to the human-capital view, education

A study conducted by economists Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan found evidence of labor-market discrimination based on which of the following findings?

The theory of education that states firms use educational attainment as a way of sorting between high-ability and low-ability workers is called

James earns a degree from a top university and is hired by a prominent firm because executives at the firm believe that graduates of this university must have a high ability level or they would not have graduated. Which of the following theories of education do the executives believe?

Traci is a nurse, and she gets paid an additional $1.00 per hour for agreeing to work the night shift. Carol is also a nurse, but she works the day shift and does not get paid this extra dollar per hour. This difference in pay is an example of a compensating differential.

Since people get sick at all hours of the day, some nurses who work in hospitals are required to work the night shift. In most cases, the nurses who work the night shift earn a higher hourly wage for the same work as the nurses who work the day shift. This difference in pay is referred to as a

A compensation scheme that pays salespeople a percentage of the sales they make is attempting to reward

Professional underwater divers are known to have high wages and work an average of only 20 hours per week. Which of the following would push the divers' wages higher?

In recent years, the ratio of earnings of the typical U.S. college graduate to the earnings of the typical high school graduate without additional education has